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完全機密の高濃縮ウラン(HEU)米露移送作戦2008/12/29 00:00

Civil HEU Stock Map


James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies (CNS) for the Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI)によれば、
日本にある高濃縮ウラン(HEU)は約2000キロ(画像参照)。

<画像>
http://www.nti.org/db/heu/map.html
http://www.nti.org/db/heu/HEU_Who_Has_What.pdf

共同さんの記事では、580キロによって、「ほぼすべての高濃縮ウランが回収された」となっていますが、
数値に食い違いがありますね。

いざという時に備えて、最低2発分を隠し持っておきたいなぁ(ボソボソ)




▼以下関連記事特集

第2次核時代の安定模索 対テロ戦の「最前線」
2007.09.19 共同通信 (全1,273字) 
 米政府は九月中旬、ベトナム南部ダラトで旧ソ連製の核物質をロシアに運ぶ秘密オペレーションを実施した。核兵器原料となる高濃縮ウラン(HEU)のロシア到着まで、テロリストの襲撃を恐れ、作戦はすべて機密扱いで進められた。核テロの脅威が象徴する「第二次核時代」。核超大国の米国は、核の供給源根絶を「対テロ戦の最前線」と位置付け、新たな核時代の平和と安定を模索する。
 ▽完全機密扱い
 研究炉用として旧ソ連が製造したHEU燃料棒三十五本が二十年以上貯蔵されてきた「ダラト核研究所」。十四日朝、「ウラン235」の比率が20%を超えるHEU約四キロが、約七千キロ先のロシアを目指して出発した。
 HEUを積載し、熱帯雨林の山道を下る軍用トラック。特殊部隊の車両や消防車など計九台が連なる厳重警護の中、約一時間かけて近郊の空港まで運ばれた。
 「運搬作業は一連の作戦の中で、最も脆弱(ぜいじゃく)な部分だ」と作戦を指揮したビニアウスキ米核安全保障局(NNSA)副局長補。運搬中のHEUをテロリストに強奪されれば、核テロの危険性は一気に増大する。「完全機密扱い」なのはこのためだ。
 ▽核テロの芽
 米国が旧ソ連製HEUをロシアに返還する作戦を行ったのは十四回目。だが、旧ソ連圏のウズベキスタンを除けば、アジア地域では初の試みだ。
 核とテロの「結合」を何よりも恐れるブッシュ政権は二〇〇四年、「地球的規模脅威削減イニシアチブ(GTRI)」と呼ぶ新たな核不拡散プロジェクトを発足させた。
 一九九一年に設立され、既に旧ソ連の核弾頭約七千個を廃棄した「ナン・ルーガー計画」が核兵器そのものを対象としているのに対し、GTRIは冷戦中に「アトムズ・フォー・ピース(平和のための原子力)」などの名目で各国に供給された核物質に照準を定める。
 GTRIは今回のベトナム分と合わせ、核兵器二十個分に相当する約五百十キロの旧ソ連製HEUを既にロシアに返還、その多くを即座に兵器転用できない低濃縮ウラン(LEU)に希釈した。さらに一三年までに、残るすべての旧ソ連製HEU約千七百キロを回収し「核テロの芽」を摘み取る考えだ。
 これまでにHEUを燃料とする研究炉五十基をLEU型に転換。さらに、世界に残る約八十基を一八年までに、すべてLEU型に転換するとの野心的な目標を掲げる。
 ▽ギャップ
 「(HEUを今回手放したのは)わが国の核平和利用政策の反映だ。(核物質の)保全も十分できていた」
 核テロ防止に力点を置く米側の思惑とは裏腹に、ベトナム原子力委員会のタン委員長は、核テロの恐れはそもそもなかったと指摘。今回米国に協力した真の狙いは、今後十五年内に初の原子力発電導入という国策にあったと解説した。
 ベトナム戦争を戦った旧敵国同士のギャップが露呈する中、米当局者は「オーストラリア政府から得た情報」として、一九九三年にウラン十キロを密輸入しようとしたベトナム人がハノイで逮捕されたことを明かし、イスラム原理主義の影響が薄いベトナムでも核テロの可能性がゼロではないことを示唆した。(ベトナム南部ダラト共同=太田昌克)


GTRI
2007.09.16 共同通信 (全252字) 
 GTRI 地球的規模脅威削減イニシアチブの略。米核安全保障局(NNSA)が核テロ防止の観点から2004年以降進めてきた核不拡散プロジェクト。柱は/(1)/核兵器の原料となる高濃縮ウラン(HEU)を燃料とする研究炉の低濃縮ウラン(LEU)型への転換/(2)/核や「汚い爆弾」の原料となるHEUなど放射性物質の米国、ロシアへの送還/(3)/核施設の防護強化。計90カ国以上と連携しこれまでに全世界で通算50の研究炉を転換。日本の研究炉の転換にも協力している。07会計年度(06年10月-07年9月)の事業予算は1億1500万ドル。(ダラト共同)


高濃縮ウラン1・8キロ回収 米核安全保障局が韓国から
2007.09.20 共同通信 (全337字) 
 【ワシントン19日共同】米国の核兵器を開発・管理するエネルギー省傘下の核安全保障局(NNSA)は十九日、韓国中部の大田にある韓国原子力研究院内の研究炉から、核兵器の原料となる米国製造の高濃縮ウラン計約一・八キロを回収したと発表した。原爆一個は高濃縮ウラン約二十キロで製造できるとされる。
 NNSAが核テロ防止のために進めている核不拡散事業「地球的規模脅威削減イニシアチブ(GTRI)」の一環。高濃縮ウランを含む十一の「核燃料集合体」は米南部テネシー州のNNSA施設に送られ、貯蔵される。
 ブッシュ米大統領とロシアのプーチン大統領は二〇〇五年の首脳会談で、米ロがそれぞれ設計した第三国の研究炉から高濃縮ウランを回収し、これらの炉の低濃縮ウラン型への転換を進めることで合意していた。


23 December 2004
Highly Enriched Uranium Repatriated from Czech Republic to Russia
Joint effort also involved United States, International Atomic Energy Agency
http://www.america.gov/st/washfile-english/2004/December/200412231225421CJsamohT0.6501581.html

U.S. Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham announced December 22 that six kilograms of highly enriched uranium (HEU) that could be used for nuclear weapons have been safely returned to the Russian Federation from the Czech Republic.

Abraham applauded the Czech Republic for taking measures to secure the uranium and then working cooperatively with the United States, Russia and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to return it to a secure facility in Dimitrovgrad, Russia, where it will be down-blended to low enriched uranium.

This is the sixth successful shipment of HEU returned to Russia.

Following is a Department of Energy release:

(begin text)


U.S. Department of Energy
http://www.energy.gov/

December 22, 2004

HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM REPATRIATED FROM THE CZECH REPUBLIC

-- Fuel Returned to Secure Facility in Russia

WASHINGTON, D.C.-- Six kilograms of highly enriched uranium (HEU) that could be used for nuclear weapons were safely returned to the Russian Federation from the Czech Republic in a secret mission completed ­­early Wednesday morning, U.S. Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham announced today. The mission was a joint effort between the United States, the Czech Republic, Russia, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and is another accomplishment of the Bush Administration’s Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI).

“The recovery, return and eventual elimination of this highly enriched uranium is an important milestone in our efforts to reduce this dangerous nuclear material worldwide,” Secretary Abraham said. “We applaud the strong leadership of the Czech Republic for taking measures to secure this material and working cooperatively with the United States, Russia and the IAEA to successfully return it to Russia.”

According to Secretary Abraham, the highly enriched uranium was airlifted under guard from an airport near Prague, Czech Republic to a secure facility in Dimitrovgrad, Russia. There, the highly enriched uranium will be down-blended to low enriched uranium.

The nuclear fuel was originally supplied to the Czech Republic by the Soviet Union for use in the Soviet-designed 10 megawatt LVR-15 multi-purpose research reactor, located in Rez near the Czech capital, Prague. In 2000, NNSA and the Czech Nuclear Research Institute completed a joint project to upgrade security of the nuclear material at Rez until it could be returned to Russia. Earlier this year, Secretary Abraham and Russian Federal Atomic Energy Agency Director Alex­­­ander Rumyantsev signed a bilateral agreement between the U.S. and Russian Federation governments to facilitate the repatriation of Russian-origin HEU research reactor fuel to Russia.

During the one-day mission, approximately six kilograms of HEU were loaded into four specialized transportation containers. IAEA safeguards inspectors and NNSA technical experts were present in Rez to monitor the process of loading the fuel into canisters. The facility in Russia that received the material has worked closely with the NNSA to implement security upgrades.

The mission of the GTRI is to identify, secure, recover and/or facilitate the final disposition of high-risk vulnerable nuclear and radiological materials around the world that pose a threat to the United States and the international community. The initiative will comprehensively address vulnerable material and radiological materials throughout the world and secure and/or remove these materials of concern as expeditiously as possible.

This is the sixth successful shipment of HEU being returned to Russia. In the past two years, NNSA has repatriated a total of 51 kg of HEU to Russia from Romania, Bulgaria, Libya, and Uzbekistan. And in August 2002, 48 kg of Russian-origin HEU were repatriated from a research reactor near Belgrade, Serbia.

(end text)

(Distributed by the Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State. Web site: http://usinfo.state.gov)


December 18, 2006
Almost 600 Pounds of Highly Enriched Uranium Returned to Russia
Largest shipment of highly enriched uranium ever under NNSA's Global Threat Reduction Initiative
http://nnsa.energy.gov/news/902.htm

DRESDEN, GERMANY - With assistance from the Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), more than 590 pounds of highly enriched uranium was returned from a former East German civilian nuclear facility to Russia.

The shipment of 268 kilograms (over 590 pounds) of highly enriched uranium (HEU) is the largest shipment of Soviet-origin HEU ever conducted under a key NNSA nonproliferation program, the Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI), since the inception of GTRI two-and-a-half years ago. The five-day operation took place at the Rossendorf nuclear facility near Dresden, Germany.

The effort was completed in cooperation with Germany, the Russian Federation, and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The HEU “fresh” (unirradiated) fuel was loaded into 18 Russian TK-S16 specialized transportation containers at Rossendorf with NNSA technical experts and IAEA safeguards inspectors monitoring the fuel loading process. The canisters were transported under heavy guard and then airlifted from Dresden Airport to a secure facility in Russia.


"We applaud Germany's leadership in taking measures to return this material and we also appreciate the strong support of the Russian Federation and the IAEA for this important international nonproliferation project," said NNSA Administrator Linton F. Brooks. "This successful removal is an example of the international community working collectively to reduce the threat of nuclear terrorism, and is the kind of concrete international security action that increases both U.S. security and that of our allies."
The mission of NNSA’s GTRI program is to identify, secure, recover and/or facilitate the final disposition of high-risk, vulnerable nuclear and radiological materials around the world as quickly as possible.

The shipment was part of the prioritized, accelerated schedule in support of the Bush-Putin Bratislava Joint Statement on Nuclear Security Cooperation. The Bratislava agreement was struck by Presidents Bush and Putin during their February 2005 meeting and includes initiatives to encourage US-Russia nuclear security cooperation.

The HEU fresh fuel will be permanently downblended from HEU to LEU in Russia to ensure that it cannot be used to make nuclear weapons. NNSA provided technical support and Germany provided the funding for this operation.

The mission of NNSA’s GTRI program is to identify, secure, recover and/or facilitate the final disposition of high-risk, vulnerable nuclear and radiological materials around the world as quickly as possible. To date, 15 shipments of approximately 496 kilograms (1,092 pounds) of HEU fresh and spent fuel have been returned to Russia from Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Libya, Uzbekistan, Latvia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and the former East Germany.

Media contact(s):
NNSA Public Affairs (202) 586-7371


July 17, 2008
All Highly Enriched Uranium Removed from Bulgaria
http://nnsa.energy.gov/news/2075.htm

Bulgaria is the Second Country to Return all Soviet-origin HEU to Secure Sites
WASHINGTON, D.C. – Nearly 14 pounds (6.3 kg.) of highly enriched uranium (HEU) in “spent” nuclear fuel was secured today at a Russian nuclear facility. The Soviet-era HEU spent fuel was transported by truck, barge, and rail in secret and secure conditions by the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) from Bulgaria with the cooperation of several international organizations.

“The complete removal of all highly enriched uranium from Bulgaria is another milestone in NNSA’s cooperative effort to reduce the threat of nuclear proliferation and prevent nuclear terrorism,” said NNSA Administrator Thomas D’Agostino. “Bulgaria’s commitment to remove and secure dangerous nuclear and radiological material at civilian nuclear sites demonstrates the international commitment to nonproliferation and global threat reduction.”

In the 1970s, the Soviet Union sent several shipments to Bulgaria. This is the second shipment of HEU to be safely and securely sent to Russia from Bulgaria. The first shipment of 37.3 pounds (16.9 kg.) of HEU “fresh” fuel occurred in December 2003.

Through NNSA’s Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI), the United States worked in close cooperation with the Russian Federation, Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to pack, secure and ship the material. It was packaged into three VPVR/M specialized transportation casks and then transported under guard from the IRT-2000 Research Reactor in Sofia to the Danube River, where it was loaded onto a barge and shipped to the port of Ismail in Ukraine. At Ismail, it was loaded onto two railroad platforms and shipped to a secure Russian facility near Chelyabinsk. GTRI has also worked to upgrade security and protect 28 radiological sites in Bulgaria.

Bulgaria is a key partner in the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism launched by Presidents Bush and Putin in 2006 to expand international partnerships addressing the global threat of nuclear terrorism.

The shipment from Bulgaria is also in accordance with a prioritized, accelerated schedule developed from the February 2005 Bush-Putin Bratislava Joint Statement on Nuclear Security Cooperation, which specifically called for the United States and Russia to work jointly to return HEU fuel from U.S. and Soviet-designed research reactors in other countries and to take other steps to reduce the threat of global nuclear terrorism. In support of this accelerated schedule, GTRI has already removed over 220 pounds (100 kg.) of Soviet-origin HEU fuel to date in FY 2008.

Also, in June of this year, Bulgaria agreed to expand cooperation to prevent the smuggling of dangerous nuclear and radiological materials by working with NNSA to install radiation detection equipment at multiple international points of entry and exit along its borders. NNSA is also helping to train Bulgarian customs, border police, and export control personnel to recognize and interdict export controlled commodities and weapons of mass destruction-related materials or technology.

Bulgaria is the second country under which GTRI has removed all HEU received from the Soviet Union after Latvia removed all of its HEU in May.

GTRI has also completed the removal of all U.S.-origin HEU spent fuel from 13 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Greece, Italy, the Philippines, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden and Thailand.

GTRI’s mission is to reduce and protect vulnerable nuclear and radiological materials located at civilian sites worldwide. With the successful completion of the shipment from Bulgaria today, a total of approximately 1,345 pounds (610 kg.) of HEU fuel (spent and fresh) have been returned to Russia from Serbia, Romania, Bulgaria, Libya, Uzbekistan, Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Latvia, and Vietnam.

Established by Congress in 2000, NNSA is a separately organized agency within the U.S. Department of Energy responsible for enhancing national security through the military application of nuclear science. NNSA maintains and enhances the safety, security, reliability and performance of the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile without nuclear testing; works to reduce global danger from weapons of mass destruction; provides the U.S. Navy with safe and effective nuclear propulsion; and responds to nuclear and radiological emergencies in the U.S. and abroad.

Media contact(s):
NNSA Public Affairs (202) 586-7371



Map Sources:
Pablo Adelfang, Ira Goldman, Adalberto Soares and E. Bradley, "Status and Progress of IAEA Activities on Research Reactor Conversion and Spent Fuel Return Programmes in the Years 2005-2006," <http://www.iaea.org/OurWork/ST/NE/NEFW/documents/RERTR_2006_Adelfang_paper.doc> .

David Albright and Kimberly Kramer. "Civil HEU Watch: Tracking Inventories of Civil Highly Enriched Uranium," in Global Stocks of Nuclear Explosive Materials, Institute for Science and International Security Chapter III <http://www.isis-online.org/global_stocks/end2003/civil_heu_watch2005.pdf > .

Alexander Glaser and Frank N. von Hippel. "Global Cleanout: Reducing the Threat of HEU-Fueled Nuclear Terrorism," Arms Control Today, January/February 2006, <http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2006_01-02/JANFEB-heuFeature.asp> .

CNS communication with official from National Atomic Energy Commission (CNEA), July 17, 2008.

"Communication Received from France Concerning its Policies regarding the Management of Plutonium," INFCIRC/549/Add.5/11, August 20, 2007, <http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/2007/infcirc549a2-10.pdf> .

"Communication Received from Germany Concerning Its Policies Regarding the Management of Plutonium," INFCIRC/549/Add.2/10, August 20, 2007, <http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/2007/infcirc549a8-10.pdf> .

"Communication Received from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Concerning Its Policies Regarding the Management of Plutonium," INFCIRC/549/Add.8/10, September 19, 2007, <http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Infcircs/2007/infcirc549a8-10.pdf>.

Imperial College Reactor Decommissioning website, <http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/reactordecommissioning/background> .

International Panel on Fissile Materials, Global Fissile Material Report 2007: Second report of the International Panel on Fissile Materials, <http://www.fissilematerials.org/ipfm/site_down/gfmr07.pdf>.

NNSA, "All Highly Enriched Uranium Removed from Latvia," May 16, 2008, <http://nnsa.energy.gov/print/2006.htm>.

NNSA, "GTRI: More That Three Years of Reducing Nuclear Threats," September 2007, <http://nnsa.energy.gov/news/793.htm> .

NNSA, “Highly Enriched Uranium Removed from Hungary,” October 23, 2008, <http://nnsa.energy.gov/news/2189.htm>.

NNSA, “NNSA Completes Successful Year of U.S.-origin Nuclear Fuel Returns,” October 7, 2008, <http://nnsa.energy.gov/2173.htm>.

NNSA, “NNSA Cooperates with Argentina, South Africa and Ukraine to Convert Research Reactors,” October 13, 2008, <http://nnsa.energy.gov/2183.htm>.

NNSA, “Nuclear and Radiological Material Removed from Japan, Germany, Sweden, and Denmark,” July 3, 2008, <http://nnsa.energy.gov/2069.htm>.

Last Updated: October 2008
http://www.nti.org/db/heu/map.html

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